2022 USSA Member Directory

UJSSA 83 Foundation 106

Digital Suffolk 120 Members 48

Semen Catalog 113

Resource Library 17

American Lamb Summit American Sheep Industry Association

....................................................................86 ...........................................78

National Sheep Improvement Program National Suffolk Ambassador NewMembership Application Online Sales Percentage Registry Testimonials Presidents & Secretaries Ram Sale Listings Regional Junior Suffolk Shows Registrations by Member and State Registry Fee List Registry Programs Semen Catalog Sheep GEMS State Suffolk Association Suffolk Breed Standard Suffolk Foundation Suffolk Registration Application Suffolk Webinar Series Summarized Financial Report The Suffolk Terminal Sire United Junior Suffolk Sheep Association USSA Committees USSA Districts USSA Member List Young Producers Travel Grant

.......................................128 .............................................................11 ..........................................................77 ...........................................................................................13 ..................................................126 .....................................................................7 ................................................................................28 ........................................................93 ................................................43 ...................................................................................75 ............................................................................124 ....................................................................................113 .......................................................................................104 .................................................................122 ......................................................................18 ............................................................................106 .......................................................76 .......................................................................19 .........................................................26 ..................................................................20 ......................................83 ...............................................................................10 .......................................................................................8 .............................................................................48 .......................................................107

Board of Directors Bylaws of the USSA Calendar of Events Contributing to the Foundation Digital Suffolk Ewe Lamb Giveaway Fees & Services Foundation Director Spotlight Foundation Scholarships Futurity Program Futurity Results

...............................................................................14 ............................................................................70 ..............................................................................28 .......................................................110 ......................................................................................120 .........................................................................109 ....................................................................................10 ..........................................................111 .................................................................108

GAP Testimonials Genetic Conditions Glossary of Sheep Terms Hall of Fame History of the Suffolk Breed Index Junior Members Letter from the President Meet Your Board of Directors Meet Your Junior Board of Directors Meet Your Suffolk Ambassador: Wesley Linke National Junior Suffolk Show .................................................................................29 ...................................................................................33 ...............................................................................125 ..............................................................................22 ...................................................................23 .........................................................................................80 ..............................................................17 .....................................................................................................134 ..................................................................................96 ....................................................................6 ..........................................................36 .............................................92 ................................11 ......................................................87, 94

Dear Suffolk Breeders, I hope you enjoy the 2022 Suffolk Breeder Directory. We are excited to be partnering with the SHOWTIMES again. We received so much positive feedback last year! First, a big thank you to our outgoing board member - Jeff Baumann (MO), for your outstanding contributions to our board and to the USSA. I would also like to express my appreciation for all the board members: Matt Wolf (ID), Greg Ahart (CA), Cynthia Huckins (NV), Carol Heupel (CO), Jim Van Dyke (SD), Tom Burke (MO), Dennis Sorensen (IL), Randy Dombek (MN), Randy Hodges (MI), Brenda Reau (MI), and Bill Zwyers (IN), for your willingness to serve, the time you give and the leadership you provide. Most importantly, to our Secretary Amanda – we couldn’t do any of this without you. I also want to thank you, the members, for your enthusiasm for Suffolk sheep. Be Proud, celebrate this past year’s successes and accomplishments. Be Realistic, one good year after decades of trending in the wrong direction does not mean we have solved all our problems. Be Thoughtful, strategic planning is essential to our long-range success. Be Selfless, put aside personal agendas and petty disagreements and focus on the things we have in common. Be Engaged, share your good ideas with the board and the various committees. It was refreshing to get back to more live sheep sales, shows, conventions and meetings. There is no substitute for the fellowship of spending time with others in the sheep industry. While technology

has allowed us to conduct business remotely, some things are much better in person. Lamb prices were great and look to continue to be strong in 2022. Most of the ram sales were good and I’m hopeful we will continue to see strong demand for Suffolk genetics. Your board and your Secretary will be working diligently to implement our new registration software program as well as continuing our efforts to keep the USSA financially viable into the future. Please continue to register and transfer Suffolks, and encourage your customers to do the same. It is my honor to serve as your President for one more year. Thank you for the words of encouragement that I have received from so many of you. Thank you for the constructive criticisms and suggestions that help us make better decisions for the organization. Thank you for sharing your ideas with me and with your district representatives. As I write this letter, my AI lambs are growing nicely and showing good promise. My natural service lambs are due to start any day now. Other than a few challenges with Cache Valley Virus, its been a good lambing season for me so far. I hope you are all having an enjoyable lambing season as well and that your mating decisions last summer have resulted in some great Suffolk lambs. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me or any of your district board members. I can be reached at jeremy.geske@gmail. com or 612-756-1200. Hope to see many of you at Suffolk events this year. Cheers, Jeremy Geske

United Suffolk Sheep Association P.O. Box 121 ● Holland, IA 50642

OFFICE: 641.684.5291 FAX: 734.335.7646 EMAIL: info@suffolks.org WEBSITE: suffolks.org

Executive Secretary amanda@suffolks.org

Amanda, our friendly secretary, and office staff can get you the answers or information you need. Her job is to provide the very best service to Suffolk breeders around the world. And she is good at it!

YEAR

PRESIDENT

SECRETARY

1940-1942 C.A. Williams, Middleville, Michigan 1943 Phil Hopkins, Michigan 1945-1949 G.B. Vance, Washington Court House, Ohio 1951 Fred Dickes, Indiana

Bill Hurst Bill Hurst Ruth Day Ruth Day

1953-1954 G.B. Vance, Ohio

1955

Fred Dickes, Indiana

1956-1957 William L. Morrison, Virginia 1958-1967 Pearson L. Linn, Bucyrus, Ohio 1968-1969 John Shonkwiler, Neosho, Missouri 1970-1972 Richard L. Roe, St. Ansgar, Iowa

Ruth Day (-1961), Betty Biellier

Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Betty Biellier Kathy Krafka Kathy Krafka

1973-1974

John Shonkwiler, Neosho, Missouri

1975-1976 Richard L. Roe, St. Ansgar, Iowa

1978

Charles W. Hunter, Blanco, Texas

1979-1982 Darrell Anderson, Windham, Minnesota 1983-1984 Robert Hall Jr., Lexington, Kentucky 1985-1987 Tim Hall, Dalmatia, Pennsylvania 1988-1990 William Hoppes, Tiffin, Ohio 1990-1991 John Sponaugle, Grottoes, Virginia 1991-1992 DuWayne Swenson, Dawson, Minnesota 1994-1996 Tom Burke, Platte City, Missouri 1997-1998 David Bogue, Beresford, South Dakota 1993 Donna Ostermeyer, Greenfield, Indiana

David Vanheuvelen David Vanheuvelen David Vanheuvelen

Dave Kloostra

YEAR

PRESIDENT

SECRETARY Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Amanda Everts Amanda Everts Amanda Everts Amanda Everts Amanda Everts Amanda Everts Veneal Jenkins Veneal Jenkins Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson Annette Benson SECRETARY C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson C.W. Hodgson Allan Jenkins Veneal Jenkins Veneal Jenkins

1929 1932 1933 1938 1950 1956 1957 1958 1960 1962 1965 1967 1968 1976 1978 1980 1982 1985 1987 1990 1995 1998

S. P. Nielsen, Nephi, Utah Ralph Brough, Nephi, Utah S. P. Nielsen, Nephi, Utah James Laidlaw, Muldoon, Idaho

R. W. Winn, Nephi, Utah

Walter P. Hubbard, Monroe, Oregon

Fred Laidlaw, Carey, Idaho

Lawson Howland

Morris Powell, Craig, Colorado Allan Jenkins, Newton, Utah Fred Coble, Winters, California Fred Laidlaw, Carey, Idaho

J. Alden Olsen, Spanish Fork, Utah Dwight Stone, Medicine Lodge, Kansas Joe Holbrook, Soda Springs, Idaho Robert Paasch, Chicago Park, California Merle Stadeli, Silverton, Oregon Hal Yeager, Fort Collins, Colorado Roger Sanders, Mullin, Texas Jim Caras, Spanish Fork, Utah

Craig Van Arkel, Grinnell, Iowa John Eagle, Applegate, Oregon

(remained President through Merger)

YEAR

PRESIDENT

1999-2000 John Eagle, Applegate, Oregon 2001-2002 Farrell Wankier, Salt Lake City, Utah 2003-2004 Bob Wagner, Nunn, Colorado 2005-2006 Bill MacCauley, Atglen, Pennsylvania

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Jim Heggemeier, Platte City, Missouri Bob Wagner, Nunn, Colorado Tom Burke, Platte City, Missouri Bob Wagner, Nunn, Colorado Bill MacCauley, Atglen, Pennsylvania

2012-2014 Rob Zelinsky, Brookings, South Dakota

2015

Diane Russell, Eaton, Indiana

2016-2017 Paul Skartvedt, Radcliffe, Iowa 2018-2019 Matt Beals, Kirwin, Kansas 2020 -2022 Jeremy Geske, New Prague, Minnesota

NEWUSSA DISTRICTS EFFECTIVE 2022

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

North Dakota , Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin.

Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, Montana and South Dakota .

Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Illinois , Indiana and Kentucky .

Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Tennessee , Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida.

It has been well over ten years since the United Suffolk Sheep Association has reviewed the four USSA districts for balance of membership, as noted in the USSA bylaws:

“To provide equal representation for all members, each district shall have approximately the same average number of voting members represented by each Director. The Directors shall periodically and not less than every 5 years, review and revise each district by moving one or more states to contiguous districts in order to equalize membership representation in each district.”

The transition over the next couple years will not look like our normal elections in effort to rebalance director representation by district. Bylaws language was passed by membership vote (2021) on how to move through this transition.

“Not more than two Directors residing in any one state may serve on the Board at any one time. All Directors must reside in the district in which they represent unless there has been a realignment of the district, as set out in this Section 3, during the Director’s term of office. In the event of realignment, a Director, whose state is realigned into a different district, shall continue to serve the district fromwhich he or she was originally elected until the expiration of that Director’s term of office. Any resulting conflict with these bylaws caused by realignment, such as the number of Directors required per district, shall be waived and accepted until the entire realignment process is complete.”

Membership numbers for the most recent four years were reviewed and it was determined that district 1 and district 2 were well out of alignment and redistrict- ing needed to occur. The table below shows the member by district balance for the last 4 years. USSAMEMBERNUMBERSBYDISTRICT PRIORTOREDISTRICTING MEMBERS % MEMBERS % MEMBERS % MEMBERS % D1 TOTAL 85 19.0% 87 19.2% 91 18.2% 103 19.8% D2 TOTAL 87 18.8% 86 19% 106 21.2% 108 20.7% D3 TOTAL 131 29.3% 134 29.6% 147 29.6% 141 27.1% D4 TOTAL 154 31.9% 146 32.2% 157 32.2% 169 32.4% GRAND TOTAL 457 99% 453 100% 501 100% 521 100% 2021 2020 2019 2018 After lengthy committee and Board discussions the new USSA districts will be as stated below (district map is updated). States underlined have been moved into the district in which they are listed in now. A breakdown of the membership by district after redistricting is shown below. This redistricting plan was evaluated for all four previous years to ensure that the plan corrected the unbalanced distribution.

USSAMEMBERNUMBERSBYDISTRICT AFTERREDISTRICTING

MEMBERS

% MEMBERS

D1 TOTAL D2 TOTAL D3 TOTAL D4 TOTAL

104 121 110 122 453

24.06% 24.94% 24.72% 26.27%

109 117 112 115 453

24.1% 25.8% 24.7% 25.4% 100%

116 135 123 127 501

23.2% 26.9% 24.6% 25.3% 100%

126 139 116 140 521

24.2% 26.7% 22.3% 26.9% 100%

GRAND TOTAL

100%

2021

2020

2019

2018

MEMBERSHIP DUES Membership Dues (effective 1/1/22) NewMembership - $50.00/year Paid prior to March 1 - $50.00/year Paid after March 1 - $65.00/year

UJSSA Dues (Junior, age 21 and under) - $15.00

● BREED IMPROVEMENT Brenda Reau, Chair Carol Heupel, Bill Zwyers, Dennis Sorensen, Greg Ahart, Randy Hodges, Joe Emenheiser, Michael Jensen, William Fulton, Lloyd McCabe ● BUDGET Carol Heupel, Chair Jeremy Geske, Randy Hodges, Greg Ahart, Randy Dombek, Tom Burke, Matt Wolf ● BY-LAWS Dennis Sorensen, Chair Jeremy Geske, Jim Van Dyke, Randy Hodges, Matt Wolf, Michael Jensen ● EDUCATION Bill Zwyers, Chair Dennis Sorensen, Greg Ahart, Joe Emenheiser, Nancy Burton, Lloyd McCabe ● HALL OF FAME Randy Hodges, Chair Tom Burke, Dennis Sorensen, Matt Wolf ● ONLINE SALES Randy Dombek, Chair Jim Van Dyke, Cynthia Huckins, Matt Wolf ● STRATEGIC PLANNING Greg Ahart, Chair Jeremy Geske, Randy Hodges, Carol Heupel, Randy Dombek, Bill Zwyers, Brenda Reau ● YOUTH ACTIVITIES Jim Van Dyke, Chair Tom Burke, Katherine Parsley, Wesley Linke, Nancy Burton, Carie Jackson ● DIRECTORY Matt Wolf, Chair Jeremy Geske, Amanda Everts ● NEWREGISTRATION PROGRAM Amanda Everts, Chair Carol Heupel, Bill Zwyers, Jeremy Geske ● UNITED JUNIOR SUFFOLK SHEEP ASSOCIATION Katherine Parsley, Creed Harker, Savannah Bailey, Joey Slack, Wesley Linke, Katie Ford, Allee Hoover, Raesa Zelinsky, Lilly Ostlie ● UNITED SUFFOLK SHEEP FOUNDATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS Bill Royer, Brenda Reau, Tom Burke, Wayne Skartvedt, Bill MacCauley, John Peck, Amanda Everts, Ron Alves

Include name, flock or ranch name, address, city, state, zip and phone number. Juniors include birthday. Membership forms can be found on the association website. Send to USSA, P.O. Box 121, Holland, IA 50642.

MEMBER RATES Registration - Animal registered within one year of birth - $6.00/head Late Registrations – animals over 1 year old - $15.00/head Re-Registration from Canadian or UK Registries - $6.00

Transfer of Ownership - $10.00/head Within Family Transfer - $3.00/head NON-MEMBER RATES Registration – any age- $25.00/head Rush Fees Needed within 72 hours - $25.00/head Needed in less than 14 days - $10.00/head

OTHER FEES *NEW Sire/Breeding Verification Fee - For registry work submitted that does not have a signature or any approval from the owner of the sire. A fee will be charged if the office initiates the approval from the owner of the sire to register lambs. - $10.00

Duplicate Certificates - Must be the recorded owner - $5.00 Corrected Certificates – Must be the recorded owner - $5.00

Christening - Naming of Rams or Ewes - $15.00 Extended Pedigrees - 5 Generations - $10.00

Credit Card Convenience fee ($1 for transactions=<$35.00 and 3% for transactions > $35.00) will be implemented for payments made via credit card.

For accounts 90 past due, a finance charge of 1% per month will be applied.

Payment methods include check, credit card (call the office) or PayPal (link on the USSA website).

"To define, register, promote and improve the Suffolk breed to provide leadership for the advancement and future of the entire U.S. Sheep Industry."

"To be the most innovative, value adding, member- driven sheep breed organixation for an evolving U.S. Sheep Industry."

APPLICATION DEADLINE: JUNE 1, 2022

ational Suffolk Ambassador is an outstanding Junior Suffolk member selected to be a spokesperson for the use of Suffolk sheep, Suffolk breed and its affiliated organizations. The Suffolk Ambassador will be assigned a specific project that supports the Suffolk breed, organization(s) and/or members. The Ambassador may attend local, state, regional or national Suffolk or sheep industry events. The position is a one-year term, held from July to July.

Applicants must be a United Junior Suffolk Sheep Association member in good standing between the age of 16 and 21. The application deadline is June 1. Top applicants will be interviewed by a 3-member panel and one winner will be selected. During the interview process applicants should discuss their idea for a project they would like to work on during the year if chosen as the Ambassador. Individuals who have served as the Suffolk Ambassador in the past are allowed to reapply if membership and age requirements are met.

Suffolk Ambassador Wesley Linke, SD

competition in Louisville at NAILE. I’ve always had a strong passion for slick shorn Suffolks, but you may catch me showing a couple fitted Suffolks as well. Why were you interested in becoming the Suffolk Ambassador I have a strong passion for the Suffolk breed, and I wanted to give back to it. I’ve been blessed in many ways throughout the Suffolk breed, and I wanted to show others on how an organization like the UJSSA can impact your life. What role does the Suffolk Ambassador play in the Suffolk Associations or the breed? I take part in helping promote the breed wherever and whenever I can. You can catch me at some of the different national shows & sales helping promote the breed and help

show what Suffolks all have to offer. I sit in on the monthly USSA zoom meetings to help better understand what all takes part in their duties. What Suffolk breeders had the biggest impact on you (not your flock, but you), and why? There are two significant breeders that have really helped me excel throughout my journey, Jim Van Dyke & Bob Kimm. Bob’s junior program has influenced many youth members throughout the year and I’m lucky enough to be one of them. I’ve been very fortunate with Jim’s hospitality and seed stock use. Not many junior members are able to be apart of some of the top breeders in the industry and I’ve been lucky enough to work with these two. What advice would you give to youth or new families purchasing Suffolks?

I believe that the Suffolk breed is one of the most versatile breeds out there. There are so many different routes you can take with the Suffolk breed. Being able to show your ewe lamb throughout the summer and then taking her home to watch her produce in the lambing barn is one of the best experiences you can receive with owning Suffolks. Looking towards the future, maybe 10 years from now, what does your involvement in the Suffolk breed look like? In 10 years, I still plan on being actively involved with the Suffolk breed. Whether it be participating in different committees throughout the senior board or potentially helping out the Junior board as a coordinator. What is your favorite lamb dish/ receipe? Grilled lamb loin

Briefly share your background/ interest in the Suffolk breed. I’ve been actively involved with Suffolk sheep for almost 10 years. I grew up with a Suffolk flock with strong influences in producing terminal sires for western range flocks. I’ve competed in many different shows, ranging from the local county fair to the highest level of

E-BLAST The USSA will create a specialized E-blast for each customer. MEMBER PRICING: $100 - Single/First Blast $50 - Resend NON-MEMBER PRICING: $200 - Per Blast Pricing below is for camera-ready banner ads. The USSA can design banner ads for $50 (members) and $75 (non-members). MEMBER PRICING: $20 - week $40 - month $200 - 6 months $350 - year NON-MEMBER PRICING: $40 - week $80 - month $350 - 6 months $600 - year WEBSITE BANNER ADS Ad size - 400 px x 110 px $125 - 1 Month Banner & 1 E-blast $160 - 1 Month Banner & 2 E-blasts NON-MEMBER PRICING: $200 - Per Blast SUFFOLK NEWSLETTER Pricing below is for publish-ready ads. Contact the USSA Office if you need an ad created (additional fees may apply). WEB PACKAGES MEMBER PRICING:

VISIT US ONLINE SUFFOLKS.ORG

UPCOMING EVENTS / JOIN OUR MAILING LIST / MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION REGISTRATION / UJSSA / SHOW + SALE RESULTS / MUCH MORE!

UNITED SUFFOLK SHEEP ASSOCIATION Facebook @UnitedSuffolk Facebook Group – Suffolk Sheep Marketplace Instagram@unitedsuffolksheep UNITED JUNIOR SUFFOLK SHEEP ASSOCIATION Facebook @juniorsuffolk Instagram@ujssa1 Snapchat @ujssa Find Us on Social Media!

MEMBER PRICING: $200 - Full Page $100 - Half Page $50 - Quarter Page NON-MEMBER PRICING: $300 - Full Page $200 - Half Page $100 - Quarter Page

UNITED SUFFOLK SHEEP FOUNDATION Facebook @suffolksheepfoundation Instagram@suffolksheepfoundation

04.18

04.25

04.26

Monday, April 18 Suffolk Futurity Ewe Lamb Sale showstockplanet.com

Monday, April 25 Suffolk Online Sale showstockplanet.com

Tuesday, April 26 Equipment Consignment Auction showstockplanet.com

05.01

06.06

10.24

Sunday, May 1 Suffolk Foundation Semen Fundraiser Auction wlivestock.com

Monday, June 6 Suffolk Online Sale showstockplanet.com

Monday, October 24 Suffolk Bred Ewe & Ewe Lamb Sale integritylivestocksales.com

For more information on how to consign and entry deadlines visit suffolks.org . To view sale consignments, visit site included with sale listing. Sales will be loaded at least one week prior to the sale date.

USSA OFFICE Amanda Everts Mailing Address: PO Box 121 Holland, IA 50642 Physical Address: 19191 170th St. Holland, IA 50642 Office: 641-684-5291 Fax: 734-335-7646 info@suffolks.org

You have entrusted to them, individually and as a group, the responsibility of operating your Association effectively and efficiently. A task not taken lightly. They not only welcome, but seek your input and opinions. Every thought is a contribution. So please be active in your Association. Members who would like to run for an open USSA District Director position should submit a written intent by August 1st. The intent to can be emailed, faxed or mailed to the USSA Office, phone calls are not accepted. Also, please review the eligibility requirement in the USSA Bylaws under Article V. Directors.

GREG AHART DISTRICT 1 7 Carvel Place Sacramento, CA 95835 916.716.0089 greg.ahart@superiorfarms.com exp. 2024

CYNTHIA HUCKINS DISTRICT 1 HC 36 Box 33 Spring Creek, NV 89815

MATTWOLF DISTRICT 1 16909 Sierra Jan Lane Caldwell, ID 83607 208.695.8496 mgwolf78@gmail.com exp. 2023

PRESIDENT JEREMY GESKE

VICE PRESIDENT RANDY HODGES DISTRICT 4 922 Farrand Lansin, MI 48906 810.441.6218 hodgesrk@yahoo.com exp. 2022

TREASURER CAROL HEUPEL DISTRICT 2

DISTRICT 3 31307 171st Ave New Prague, MN 56071 612.756.1200 jeremy.geske@gmail.com exp. 2023

27488 County Road 5 Weldona, CO 80653 970.768.1291 heupelfarms@gmail.com exp. 2023

775.753.8327 (h) 775.741.0789 (c) Rubymtssheepco@yahoo.com exp. 2022

TOMBURKE DISTRICT 2 PO Box 660 Smithville, MO 64089 816.853.2697 tina@angushall.com exp. 2024

JIMVAN DYKE DISTRICT 2 38919 SD HWY 34 Wessington Springs, SD 57382 605.770.1095 vandykeseed@gmail.com exp. 2022

RANDY DOMBEK DISTRICT 3 2422 290th St. Ivanhoe, MN 56142 507.530.5938 rdombek@hotmail.com exp. 2022

DENNIS SORENSEN DISTRICT 3 1291 E. 3200 N Chebanse, IL 60992 815.450.8722 dsorensen354@gmail.com exp. 2024

BRENDA REAU DISTRICT 4 17315 Ida West Rd. Petersburg, MI 49270 734.755.8285 reau@msu.edu exp. 2024

BILL ZWYERS DISTRICT 4 9050 N. 675 W Thorntown, IN 46071 765.490.4260 wez1950@aol.com exp. 2023

SUFFOLK RESOURCE LIBRARY

RESOURCE LIBRARY SUFFOLK

he Suffolk breed, an original

meatiness and wool quality from the old original British Southdown. The Norfolk Horned sheep, now rare, were a wild and hardy breed. They were black faced, light fleeced sheep. Both sexes were horned. The upland regions of Suffolk, Norfolk and Cambridge on the southeastern coast of England are very rugged and forage is sparse. It was this dry, cold and windy area in which the Norfolk breed adapted itself to traveling great distances for food, thereby developing a superbly muscular body. It was said at that time of the Norfolk Horned, "their limbs are long and muscular, their bodies are long and their general form betokens activity and strength." This breed and its crosses were valued highly both by farmers and butchers. However, sheepmen of that day did not like the long legs, flat sides, nor

wild nature of the Norfolk Horned. They noted that Southdowns crossed with Norfolks produced a progeny that reduced most of the criticisms of both breeds. In 1886, the English Suffolk Society was organized to provide registry service and to further develop the use of the breed. Through selection and careful breeding by many great English sheepmen, the Suffolk brought to this country retained the qualities for which they were originally mated. The first Suffolks were brought to this country in 1888 by Mr. G.B. Streeter of Chazy, New York. During a visit to England the previous year, Mr. Streeter had been greatly impressed by Suffolk sheep. These prize breeding animals had belonged to Joseph Smith of Hasketon, and one 21 month old ewe weighed exactly 200 pounds when she came off the ship.

A nine month old ram weighed 195 pounds and in the spring of 1890, a seven week old twin weighed 85 pounds. That spring Streeter had a 200% lamb crop. The Suffolk did not make its appearance in the western states until 1919. Three ewes and two rams had been donated by the English Suffolk Sheep Society to the University of Idaho. One of the rams was to be sold at auction at the National Ram Sale in Salt Lake City, Utah. Several leading sheepmen saw these sheep at the sale and they liked what they saw. After several rounds of bidding, the ram was finally sold to Laidlaw and Brockie (developers of the Panama breed) of Muldoon, Idaho, for $500. These men were so impressed with the offspring from their Suffolk ram that they made several importations and were consistent buyers at the National Ram Sale.

English breed, was the result of crossing Southdown rams on Norfolk Horned ewes.

The product of this cross was determined to be a great improvement over either one of the parents. Although the Suffolk was a recognized breed as early as 1810, the flock book was not closed until much later. In 1930, Southdowns were described as large sheep without horns, dark faces and legs, fine bones and long small necks. They were gray to mouse brown on the face and legs. They were low set in front with high shoulders and light forequarters; however, their sides were good, rather broad in the loin and were full in the thigh and twist. Today's Suffolk derives its

SUFFOLK RESOURCE LIBRARY

preference is given to naturally wide-based, deep bodied, easy fleshing animals free of coarseness or over-refinement. As a meat breed, Suffolk breeding rams and ewes should produce fast-growing lambs that yield carcasses with superior composition and conformation, regardless if purebred or commercial crossbreds. While the mature weights of Suffolk sheep may vary considerably, breed character and general proportionality of body should be similar across the breed. Appropriate frame size and growth curve should be chosen to match the specific commercial production environment and target carcass weight. The USSA exists to define, register, promote, and

sheep are useful in a wide variety of commercial applications, from terminal range rams to farm flock ewes, as part of composite breeds, and as market lambs. Suffolks are also exhibited in various show classes, from fitted and slick sheared breeding sheep to club lambs and wether sires and dams. Nonetheless, the breed standard provides a common identity for all Suffolks and breeders. The breed standard serves as the ideal relative to which Suffolk sheep are to be evaluated and improved, in terms of their own phenotype as well as the genetic potential they offer to the industry.

The Suffolk sheep is a superior producer of lean meat due to rapid early growth, heavy muscling, and efficient conversion of forage and other feedstuffs. Suffolks are striking in breed character and unrivaled in beauty, having jet black, wool-free heads and legs that sharply contrast their clean white fleeces and pink skin. Suffolk genetics are highly- prized by commercial shepherds to improve the weights and carcass quality of their lamb crops, while the Suffolk head is designed to facilitate ease of lambing. All Suffolk sheep should be structurally and reproductively sound. Rams should be robust and masculine, with significant muscling, body volume, and mass as well as ample fertility and libido. Ewes should be feminine yet thickly-muscled, and demonstrate strong capacity for breeding, lambing ease, mothering instinct and milking ability. In both sexes, Head

improve the Suffolk breed for the entire U.S. sheep industry. The commercial industry is diverse in its geography, production systems, products, and markets. Suffolk

Hindquarter Preference is given to long bodied, strong topped sheep, showing exceptional muscle shape and volume. The Suffolk loin is deep, long and wide. It blends smoothly and strongly into a level top and rump. The body itself should become progressively wider from front to rear. The widest portion of the sheep should be through the center of the stifle when viewed from behind. Natural width should accompany a leg that excels in both depth of twist and volume in both the inner and outer leg. The prominent stifle should be thick, long and deep. The rear flank should be reasonably level with the fore flank. All body parts should blend smoothly and display the characteristics of an animal capable of producing progeny that hang a superior carcass. Discriminate against short, steep, narrow rumps, weak tops, shallow loins, flat muscle, high flanks and lack of overall excellent muscle development. Feet, Legs andMobility The feet and legs should be set wide apart on the corners of the body. They are moderate in length and covered in fine black hair from the knee and hock to the ground with no tendency to wooliness. The hooves are jet black also. Legs should be of adequate bone size, neither overly refined nor coarse; joints are strong and smooth on flat bone. Toes are of equal size, point forward with a deep heel and set upon a short pastern. The stride should be long, fluid and sure. The gait is athletic. The sheep travels wide when viewed from behind. Discriminate against weak or coarse joints, cow hocks, sickle hocks, bowed knees or hocks, post legs, wooly legs, widely splayed toes and any obstruction that impedes fluid movement.

The Suffolk head is free of wool both at the poll and cheeks, is covered in fine black hair and is moderately long in shape. The otherwise wide skull, broad muzzle and deep jaw denote strength and ability to thrive and forage. The mouth is sound with the incisors meeting flush with the dental pad. A particularly defining breed characteristic is the long, bell-shaped ears that hang below perpendicular and tip slightly forward. Discriminate against short, perpendicular, erect or wool-covered ears or any tendency to colors other than black in the head and ear. Be critical of overly refined or coarse headed sheep lacking in breed and/or sex character. Forequarter The Suffolk neck is of moderate length, set smoothly into and atop the shoulder. The shoulder is deep and obliquely set into the body, being smooth and free of coarseness. The shoulder and forearm show evidence of superior muscling. The rack opens up into a wide, heavily muscled topline that extends and widens as it blends into the loin. The chest is deep and naturally wide showing evidence of vigor. The breast plate is neatly tucked up into the chest floor. Ribs are open, deep and well sprung denoting capacity. The barrel itself should be long, deep, wide and large. The belly and the body should be covered in white wool that is free of dark fiber. Preference is given to a tight uniform, white fleece of medium wool quality. Discriminate against steep or open shoulders, extremely long or short neck, lack of muscle shape, pinched ribs and shallowness.

SUFFOLK RESOURCE LIBRARY

Discriminations Sheep showing evidence of the following fail to meet the breed standard: lack of muscle development or ability to grow and thrive, dark or black or colored fleece, unmanageable disposition, underdeveloped genitalia, split or asymmetrical testicles, upturned vulva, hernia, over or undershot jaw, prolapse or tendency to prolapse (rectal or vaginal), inverted eyelids, weak udder attachments and teat size or placement that impedes nursing. NOTE: The USSA allows for an appendix registry and upgrading to purebred status. When animals reach 15/16th status (purebred) these animals must adhere to the breed standard as well. Sheep that appear to be black faced crossbreds do not meet the Suffolk breed standard. Genetic and Performance Considerations Visual or phenotypic selection has been used for centuries in animal breeding. It does address issues of structural correctness, breed type, sex character,and breed aesthetics. Today, there are additional tools and resources available to quantify and measure traits. Genetic testing can reduce and eliminate genetic recessives (spider syndrome, dwarfism, and scrapie susceptibility). The technology more accurately evaluates genotype and expands the ability to select breed improving replacements. Superior performing animals within a flock can be additionally identified through on farm data collection. This can include such things as weighing (60, 90 or 120 day weights) and ultrasound scanning for carcass traits (loin eye size and fat depth). Another potential strategy is the use of estimated breeding values (EBVs). This tool allows for measurable genetic comparison, over time, and across flocks with other performance recorded flocks. Either of these selection methods (as well as others yet to be developed) can be used as additional tools to measure rapid growth, leanness, and superior muscling – all of which reinforce the Suffolk as the preferred terminal sire breed. Further, as the industry moves toward more objective carcass evaluation, there will be premiums paid for market animals that meet more demanding carcass expectations.

WEBINAR SERIES SUFFOLK

MAY 5 - JUNIORWEBINAR: SHOW LAMB NUTRITION Mark Johnson, Land O’Lakes MAY 9 - EWE SELECTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND FLOCK RETAINMENT Dr. Scott Greiner, Sheep Extension, Virginia Tech JUNE 9 - SUFFOLK TRAIT HERITABILITY AND BREEDING STRATEGIES Jeremy Geske, USSA President & Dr. Joe Emenheiser, Extension Specialist, UCONN SEPTEMBER 28 - AMERICAN LAMB: FARMGATE TO DINNERPLATE Nick Forrest DECEMBER 5 - RAMS & PROFITABILITY: A PANEL DISCUSSION Moderated by Susan Shultz, ASI President JULY 21 - 7PM - IDENTIFYING CONTEMPORARY GROUPS Dr. TomMurphy, Geneticist, USMARC

SUFFOLK RESOURCE LIBRARY

T he Suffolk sheep was originally developed in southeast England and came to prominence as a breed favored in the London markets. The ability to produce an outstanding carcass and be fed quickly to desired market weights was why the United States originally imported the breed. Suffolk rams were then widely used in western range flocks and eastern farm flocks to improve lamb crops. This established the Suffolk breed as the premier market animal in the 20th century. In addition to its success in the

commercial sheep industry, the Suffolk breed enjoyed tremendous popularity in the show ring. Suffolk registrations peaked at 90,792 in 1981 and have declined steadily since that time. Suffolk sheep are useful in a wide variety of commercial applications, from terminal range rams to farm flock ewes, as part of composite breeds, and as market lambs. Suffolks are also exhibited in various show classes, from fitted and slick sheared breeding sheep to club lambs and wether sires and dams. This diversity in purpose has also resulted in distinct "types" within the breed. While individual breeders have set their own flock priorities and goals and should continue to do so, the Association recognizes the importance of breed identity and breed improvement to its mission and vision statements. The science of animal breeding has advanced

exponentially in recent decades. For the U.S. sheep industry to remain competitive with other species as a protein source, it must embrace modern selection practices and tools. With a mission and vision as a breed to contribute to the advancement and future of the entire industry, the Association now recognizes the need to focus on data-driven performance

SUFFOLK RESOURCE LIBRARY

indicators and not merely what the show ring dictates. The USSA encourages genetic diversity within the breed's gene pool, as well as the utilization of performance tools that the beef, dairy, swine,

improve their flocks based on traits important to their buyer base and also measurably improve quantitative performance traits. The new registry program is designed to assist breeders in collecting data and using it in selection and matings decisions, therefore developing a Suffolk sheep that will improve their

LOOKING TO DOWNSIZE OR DISPERSE YOUR SUFFOLK FLOCK? Contact the USSA Office to see howwe can help! There are numerous ways that we can help to spread the word about the Suffolks you have for sale. We encourage breeders to contact the USSA Office -DO NOT HES- ITATE! We are here to assist you in finding a new home for your Suffolks! There are several free options and some at a minimal charge. Testimonial from a member: In 1976 I bought 3 Suffolk bred ewes from Joe Young at Ocean State Suffolks and have spent 45 years breeding, showing, and upgrading our flock. My 3 kids showed Suffolks for many years and then moved on with their lives as a Marketing Director, an Architect, and a Surgeon. I have continued breeding and showing Suffolks by myself for 30+ years with the help of many. Now as I am turning 80, it became obvious our Suffolks were getting big and hard to handle. In our area there are very few young adults and kids willing to put in the hard work this project requires on a daily basis. Knowing I needed to sell my flock, I called friends and put out the work locally without much success. Someone suggested calling the USSA which I did. Amanda was immediately helpful offering information on some recent dispersals. She offered to put out an ad on USSA Facebook market page. Immediately, I had responses to buy indi- vidual animals but I really wanted the flock to go as a complete package. We changed the ad. Within an hour, I had a call from a family in an adjacent state, worked out the details and sold the flock. They were picked up the following Saturday. I can’t tell you howwonderful Amanda was in assisting me with advice and the Facebook ad. She couldn’t have been more helpful!! We are very fortunate to have Amanda as our Secretary!!! Gordon W. MacPhee Suffolk Breeder for 45 Years

and poultry industries established long ago.

As a breed, we have been and believe that we should still be the terminal sire of choice. The USSA embraces this

bottom line. Data-driven performance allows for objective or measurable

philosophy to meet the demands of the commercial industry. The current, updated Suffolk

improvement over time. Flock improvement is the domain of the individual

breed standard describes a breed that meets the current needs of the commercial sheep industry in the U.S. It includes both visual and data- driven parameters. The commercial industry seeks lamb crops with improved weight gain and superior carcass composition. Commercial flocks sell lambs by the pound and are more profitable when they market more efficiently grown, heavier lamb crops. To achieve this, terminal sires with high genetic merit for growth and carcass traits are in demand. Functional terminal sires must also be structurally sound, fertile, and athletic. The ideal Suffolk rams are long-lived, active foragers that aggressively breed ewes and maintain body condition. Phenotypically, they will be rugged and unmistakably masculine, with large testicular circumference, ample bone, and superior muscle development. In the past, breeders were only able to select breeding stock based on visual appraisal. While this is still important, additional tools are now available to improve the breed phenotypically and genetically. Breeders can visually

breeder, while breed improvement is a collective effort among breeders. The genetic diversity within our breed's gene pool allows breeders to select sheep that will move their flock in the direction of their goals. Orienting those goals toward breed characteristics that are relevant to the commercial industry is necessary to preserve and improve the breed. To supplement the new registration program coming online in 2022, the Association has developed a vocabulary list to help members understand terminology that may be new to them. Having a collective language will make it easier to use the many new options available for breed improvement. Educational materials will also be forthcoming to explain how to use the new software in easy-to-understand language and specifically how to use the new software to improve performance traits. Regardless of individual goals, the new tools will benefit every Suffolk breeder. Collectively, they will help unite the breed to address the emerging needs of the entire sheep industry.

SUFFOLK RESOURCE LIBRARY

Spider Lamb Syndrome GENETIC ABBREVIATIONS: NN – Non-Carrier, free of spider gene NS – Carrier of spider gene SS – Exhibits Spider gene

This condition was first found in Suffolk sheep in the 1980s. Thanks to genetic selection by Suffolk breeders, this is no longer a commonly seen condition.

SIRE (NS) N S

Thompson and Dittmer, 2008

N NN NS N NN NS

Scrapie GENETIC ABBREVIATIONS: RR – Least susceptible, and all offspring will have at least one “R” gene QR – Least susceptible (but some offspring can inherit the “Q” gene) QQ – Most susceptible if exposed (note: there is no difference in susceptibility between RR and QR - they only need one copy to be less susceptible. There is a rare variant of Scrapie that can affect sheep with an R gene, which is why we technically can’t call it resistant) WHAT IS IT - Fatal brain disease affecting the nervous system in sheep and goats. WHY IS IT A CONCERN - Clinical signs are progressive and fatal once they develop. Infected animals may not become ill for years. There is no treatment. Dwarfism GENETIC ABBREVIATIONS: FF – Free, non-carrier FD – Carrier DD – exhibits dwarf gene WHAT IS IT - Recessive defect causing severe skeletal shortening of the limbs. WHAT IS IT - Inherited disorder associated with severe skeletal deformities. Affected animals have long splayed (bent) legs and exhibit twisted spines, flattened ribs and facial defects. WHY IS IT A CONCERN - Lambs have trouble standing and rarely survive beyond 6 months of age. There is no treatment. MANAGEMENT - Genetic testing is available to determine if the sheep is a carrier of the gene. Select resistant animals.

SIRE (NN) N N

SIRE (NS) N S

N NN NN N NN NN

N NN NS S NS SS

MANAGEMENT - Biopsy of the brain or lymphoid tissue. Genetic testing is available to determine an animals susceptibility. Select the least susceptible animals. “RR” breeding stock have been favored because all of their offspring will inherit a copy of the “R” (least susceptible) gene. In 2001 the USDA created National Sheep Eradication Program in efforts to eradicate scrapie in the US sheep and goat population. Through this program official USDA Scrapie tags must be in place for sheep sold, exhibited, or slaughtered. USDA Scrapie tags identify where the sheep originated by premise ID and the animal’s individual number.

SIRE (RR) R R

Q QR QR R RR RR

R RR RR R RR RR

SIRE (RR) R R

SIRE (QR) Q R

Q QQ QR R QR RR

Q QR QR Q QR QR

WHY IS IT A CONCERN - Animals are very slow growing and may never reach normal size. MANAGEMENT - Genetic testing is available to determine if the animal is a carrier of the gene. Select resistant animals.

SIRE (FF) F F

SIRE (FD) F D

F FF FF F FF FF

F FF FD F FF FD

F FF FD D FD DD

Morgan Gravatt, Freshman atModesto Junior College, CA

Genotyping Genotyping animals for any of these genetic can be done through certified labs throughout the US.

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GLOSSARY OF

ADJUSTED LOIN EYE AREA - Loin eye area adjusted to a constant weight or age for the purpose of comparison. ADJUSTEDWEIGHT – Weight that has been adjusted for age, sex, birth type, rearing type, and/ or age of dam for the purpose of comparison. ALLELE - one of two or more versions of a particular gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION – The process where semen is placed in a ewe’s uterus in an attempt to achieve pregnancy without a ram present. BANDING - Applying rubber bands to the tail for docking or to the scrotum for castrating. BIRTH TYPE – Litter size (single, twin, triplet, etc). BIRTHWEIGHT – Weight of lamb at or very near birth. BODY CONDITION SCORE (BCS) – Scoring system used to describe bodily energy stores (fatness) of breeding animals. In sheep the BCS ranges from 1 to 5, with one being extremely thin and 5 being obese. BODYWALL FAT THICKNESS - Total tissue thickness measured between the 12th and 13th ribs, 4.5 inches from the center of the backbone. Used as an additional measure of fatness in a lamb carcass. BREAK JOINT - Cartilaginous area of the cannon bone that has not yet ossified. This joint fuses with age into a spool joint. Carcasses with a break joint are classified as a lamb where as carcasses with a spool joint are classified as mutton. BREED IMPROVEMENT – Strategies

ENTROPION - A genetic defect observed in newborn lambs where the eyelid folds inward causing eye irritation. EWE - Female sheep. EYE MUSCLE DEPTH – The depth of the loin eye muscle measured ultrasonically between the 12th and 13th ribs. Eye muscle depth measures muscle and more muscular caracasses are higher yield carcasses. F1 - Progeny resulting from the mating a purebred ram and a purebred ewe of different breeds. F2 -Progeny resulting from an FI sire and an F1 dam. FAMACHA - Parasite control regiment for controlling and treating Haemonchus Contoritus (barber pole worm). Uses eye color chart to predict level of anemia in the animal. FAT DEPTH - Subcutaneous fat thickness measured between the 12th and 13th ribs, over the mid-point of the rib loin eye muscle perpendicular to the outside surface of the fat. FECAL EGG COUNT - Number of worm eggs in a gram of feces – used to determine parasite load in a sheep. FEED EFFICIENCY – A measure of how effectively an individual sheep converts feed to product. Typically expressed in pounds of weight gain per pound of feed fed and/or the related cost of that gain. FIBER COLOR – Wool of any color other than white (black, gray, silver, brown, red, etc.) FINISH – Amount of fleshing and fat thickness, used to determine an animal’s readiness for harvest.

for improving the genetic and phenotypic quality of a breed and enhancing its acceptance within the sheep industry. These concepts are central to the United Suffolk Sheep Association’s mission and vision statements. BREED CHARACTER – Long- established phenotypic characteristics of a sheep breed, defined by breeders and/or breed associations. CARRIER - A heterozygous animal with one recessive and one dominant allele for a particular gene pair. The expression of the recessive allele is not visually observable due to the effect of the dominant allele. CHROMOSOME - An organized package of DNA (genes) found in the nucleus of the cell. Sheep have 27 pairs of chromosomes. CIDR – “Controlled Internal Drug Release”- an intravaginal progesterone implant used to induce and synchronize estrus in ewes. CLOSED FLOCK - An existing flock that does not introduce any outside animals, often for biosecurity reasons. Outside genetics, if used, are introduced via artificial insemination. CLUB LAMB – A youth oriented, terminal project (4H or FFA) lamb of either sex (typically a wether) that is shown as a market lamb and evaluated based on a combination of body composition (muscle and fat), conformation, and other characteristics. CODON - A specific location on a chromosome that forms a unit of genetic code. For example, the alleles present at Codon 171 determine the level of a sheep’s susceptibility to scrapie. In this case it is described as RR, QR (least

susceptible to Scrapie) or QQ (most susceptible to Scrapie) COEFFICIENT OF RELATIONSHIP – A measure of genetic similarity between two individuals, as predicted by pedigree. COLOSTRUM – Antibody-rich first milk that a ewe produces in the first 24 hours after giving birth. The antibodies are most readily absorbed by the lamb in the first 24 hour time frame. CONTEMPORARY GROUP – A group of lambs of similar sex and age that have been fed and managed the same way. COMPOSITE BREED – A new breed formed by crosses between two or more pure breeds, followed by subsequent matings among the crosses to stabilize the composite. CREEP - Supplemental feed provided to lambs that are still nursing, typically in an area that only the lambs can access. CROSSBREEDING - Mating of different breeds to take advantage of the strengths of each breed and gain hybrid vigor. CULL – An animal that has reached the end of its productive life and is removed from the breeding flock or sold for harvest. DAM - Mother of offspring. DATA COLLECTION – Gathering and recording data on traits important to your flock. Data may be submitted for across- flock genetic evaluation through central programs such as NSIP. DNAMARKER – DNA is mapped by finding the combination of single nucleotides that make up the DNA or the genome, a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a

chromosome that is used to identify or track inheritance of nearby genes. DNA SAMPLE – A blood or tissue sample used for DNA testing, the commonly used sampling methods are blood tubes, blood cards and ear tag tissue samples. DOMINANCE - A single copy of a dominant allele typically masks or overrides the expression of a different allele in the same gene pair. DOMINANT TRAIT – An inherited characteristic that is expressed in the appearance of an animal that has one or two copies of a dominant allele in a gene pair. DRESSING PERCENTAGE - Hot carcass weight divided by live weight immediately prior to harvest; the normal dressing percent range for sheep is 44-56%. DYSTOCIA - Difficulty in giving birth. DWARF GENE – A genetic defect that is characterized by the affected offspring being proportionally reduced in frame size and weight. It is noted as FF (homozygous dominant, free non-carrier), FD (carrier) and DD (homozygous recessive, dwarf). ESTIMATED BREEDING VALUE (EBV) - An estimate of an animal’s genetic merit for a particular trait based on the individual’s performance and the performance of relatives. An EBV becomes more accurate in time as the database accrues more information on related animals across different flocks and environments. EMBRYO TRANSFER - Implantation of embryos or fertilized eggs from a “donor” ewe into a surrogate or “recipient” ewe.

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